Sunday 19 February 2012

Where did writing first develop and where.-maggie.


The history writing records the development of expressing language by letters or other marks.In the history of how systems of representation language though graphic means have evolved in different human civilizations, more complete writing systems were preceded by proto-writing, systems of ideographic and/or early mnemonic symbol. True writing, in which the entire content of a linguistic utterance is encoded so that another reader can reconstruct, with a fair degree of accuracy, the exact utterance written down, is a later development, and is distinguished from proto-writing in that the latter typically avoids encoding grammatical words and affixes, making it difficult or impossible to confidently reconstruct the exact meaning intended by the writer unless a great deal of context is already known in advance.

Writing is thought to have been invented independently first in Mesopotamia (specifically, ancient Sumer) around 3200 BC. Though there are a quite a few apparent un-deciphered texts, but most think that they were proto-writing, and not real writing at all (a few examples of witch would be Indus script of the Bronze Age Indus Valley civilization in Ancient India or rongorongo script of Easter Island. The writings on the earliest tablets (they were made of clay) are simple pictures, or pictograms, which represent an object or an idea. Because clay is a difficult material on which to draw lines and curves, the Mesopotamians eventually reduced pictograms into a series of wedge-shaped signs that they pressed into clay with a reed stylus. This wedge-shaped writing is called cuneiform (and it looks awesome).

This great technological advance allowed news and ideas to be carried to distant places without having to rely on a messenger's memory. Like all inventions, writing emerged because there was a need for it. In Mesopotamia, it was developed as a record-keeping vehicle for commercial transactions or administrative procedures. There are also texts that served as "copy books" for the education of future scribes. Eventually, cuneiform script was used to produce some of the greatest literary works in recorded history.




http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/cuneiform-writing-system-ancient-mesopotamia-emergence-and-evolution




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