The history
writing records the development of expressing language by letters or other
marks.In the history of how systems of representation language though graphic
means have evolved in different human civilizations, more complete writing
systems were preceded by proto-writing, systems of
ideographic and/or early mnemonic symbol. True writing, in which the entire
content of a linguistic utterance is encoded so that another reader can
reconstruct, with a fair degree of accuracy, the exact utterance written down,
is a later development, and is distinguished from proto-writing in that the
latter typically avoids encoding grammatical words and affixes, making it
difficult or impossible to confidently reconstruct the exact meaning intended
by the writer unless a great deal of context is already known in advance.
Writing is thought to have been invented independently first
in Mesopotamia (specifically,
ancient Sumer) around 3200 BC. Though there are a quite a few apparent
un-deciphered texts, but most think that they were proto-writing, and not real
writing at all (a few examples of witch would be Indus script of the Bronze Age
Indus Valley civilization in Ancient India or rongorongo script of Easter
Island. The
writings on the earliest tablets (they were made of clay) are simple pictures,
or pictograms, which represent an object or an idea. Because clay is a
difficult material on which to draw lines and curves, the Mesopotamians eventually
reduced pictograms into a series of wedge-shaped signs that they pressed into
clay with a reed stylus. This wedge-shaped writing is called cuneiform (and it
looks awesome).
This great technological advance allowed news and ideas
to be carried to distant places without having to rely on a messenger's memory.
Like all inventions, writing emerged because there was a need for it. In
Mesopotamia, it was developed as a record-keeping vehicle for commercial
transactions or administrative procedures. There are also texts that served as
"copy books" for the education of future scribes. Eventually,
cuneiform script was used to produce some of the greatest literary works in
recorded history.
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